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Again, while experts think antibodies will likely provide some immunity, they’re still not sure how much or for how long.For antibody tests, a blood sample is used to determine if a person was previously infected. “There are people, with any infection, that for whatever reason don’t produce high levels of antibodies,” Dr. Amesh Adalja, a Senior Scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security told Digital Trends.In order to determine the accuracy of an antibody test, researchers look at sensitivity and specificity. If you’re diagnosed with COVID-19 via a swab test, it’s very likely you have it. If in a population about 5% have had COVID-19 – more likely in national surveys – the researchers believe that four infections would be missed for every thousand people tested, and 12 outcomes would be falsely positive.They found that all tests showed low sensitivity (the ability to detect disease) during the first week after symptoms (detecting less than 30% of cases of disease), rising in the second week and reaching their highest values in the third week. The tests do not work accurately when administered at the wrong time.Dr. Roche states the test detects antibodies with 100% accuracy, and has a false positive rate of just 0.2%.
Americans have placed a lot of hope in antibody testing, or testing for past infection with COVID-19. “I think, for the general public, talk to your doctor who administered the test and then be able to decide whether or not to test that you were administered had sufficient specificity to say for sure whether or not you truly were infected with the novel coronavirus,” he said.One reason more PCR or diagnostic testing is so important is that there appear to be few false positives with them. That would mean you’re still vulnerable to getting infected, but you would be under the impression that you’d already had it. As part of the response, white blood cells create a certain kind of protein called antibodies. Data that will inform antibody testing (also referred to as serologic testing) guidance are rapidly evolving.
However they caution over reliance on this figure, as the studies were small, poorly reported and done in select patient groups.Led by experts at the University of Birmingham, a group of researchers drawn from universities around the globe have published their findings in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.By combining data from many studies they have shown that the tests are not accurate enough to confirm whether someone has the COVID-19 virus if used in the first two weeks after symptoms appear.The researchers also fear accuracy will be lower when tests are used in the community, as the tests have mostly been evaluated in hospitalized patients – making it unclear whether they can detect lower antibody levels associated with milder and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease.Jon Deeks, Professor of Biostatistics and head of the Test Evaluation Research Group at the University of BirminghamThe body produces three classes of antibody - IgA, IgG and IgM. The combination of IgG or IgM had a sensitivity of 72% for 8 to 14 days; 91% for 15 to 21 days; and 96% for 21 to 35 days.