These specialists also coordinate the planning and supervision of their patients' transition to adult health care.A subspecialty certification by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. They consult with surgeons on heart surgery, perform diagnostic procedures, and manage complex conditions such as heart attacks and arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeat).Cosmetic surgeons perform operations and procedures to enhance the appearance of the body, to counter the effects of aging or injury. Practitioners treat pediatric and adult patients with disorders of the skin, mouth, hair, and nails as well as a number of sexually transmitted diseases.
They use hyperbaric (high pressure) oxygen therapy to treat such conditions as carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, non-healing wounds, tissue damage from radiation and burns, and bone infections. They do this by advancing catheters with tiny tools through the body's blood vessels. Practitioners are skilled in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental, addictive, and emotional disorders. They are trained to diagnose, monitor, and medically or surgically treat all eyelid and orbital problems affecting the eye and visual pathways and to diagnose, monitor and treat all eye and visual disorders. Practitioners have special competence in advanced life support for children from the term or near-term neonate to the adolescent. Practitioners provide anesthesia during surgery and help ensure pain relief immediately after.A subspecialty certification by the Board of Pediatrics. General internists are trained in primary care internal medicine, which incorporates an understanding of disease prevention, wellness, substance abuse, mental health, and treatment of problems of the eyes, ears, skin, nervous system and reproductive organs. Practitioners have expertise in blood diseases and cancer. Physician-managers must be certified in a specialty such as pathology, pediatrics, internal medicine, or allergy and immunology, and complete additional training and testing on laboratory processes and management.Various health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, and counselors, may specialize in various aspects of the treatment of diabetes. Practitioners specialize in the diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and repair of developmental, congenital, and acquired deformities of the mouth and face, including the entire area of the head and neck.A certification by the Board of Dermatology. Practitioners have three interrelated characteristics. Cytopathology involves the examination of individual cells to aid in disease detection.A subspecialty certification by the Board of Pediatrics.