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In addition we stress the need to correct for the strong effect of transcript coverage in AS detection and set out a strategy to ultimately elucidate the extent of the role of AS in functional innovation on a genomic scale.The authors wish to thank Humberto Gutierrez for comments on earlier versions of this paper. Interplay between splicing and epigenetic modifications in spermatogenesis and regulatory feedback loops involving…Figure 2.. Alternative splicing is an event that is found in both metazoans and plants. Actually, there is evidence of an alternative splicing mechanism in bacteria/prokaryotes as well as alternative splicing occurring as a result of prokaryotic infection. The mechanisms and outcomes of alternative splicing of individual transcripts are relatively well understood, and recent efforts have been directed towards studying splicing networks. While it is now clear that AS is prevalent in the human genome, obstacles still remain in the assessment how alternative splicing has evolved through time. The reliance in transcript sequences availability to measure AS together with the strong bias brought by unequal transcript coverage has hampered the genomewide assessment of AS in all but a few model species and makes difficult any direct comparison between species. This has slowed down the study of how alternative splicing has evolved over time, how AS is regulated, and how it may relate to other genomic features and most crucially to phenotype. During splicing, introns (Non-coding regions) are removed and exons (Coding Regions) are joined together. different ways. Alternative splicing of eukaryotic transcripts is a mechanism that enables cells to generate vast protein diversity from a limited number of genes. Here we review available evidence regarding the evolution of AS prevalence and functional role. The main obstacle lies in that while most other genomic features can be directly measured or estimated from genomic sequences alone, no accurate estimates of alternative splicing can be obtained from genomic sequence analysis. However, until further studies using comparable AS indexes it will be impossible to estimate the extent to which increases in AS levels along the phylogenetic tree have impacted on the pool of functional transcripts.Alternative splicing (AS) is a common posttranscriptional process in eukaryotic organisms, by which multiple distinct functional transcripts are produced from a single gene. Novel splicing variants can arise from (a) mutations in the exon recognition site of a constitutive exon and subsequent acquisition of AS regulatory elements. Since its discovery in early 1980, during characterization of the immunoglobulin mu and calcitonin gene (24,25), alternative splicing has been described in many genes of different species. In alternative splicing, one pre-mRNA may be spliced in either of two (or sometimes many more than two!) Resulting specialised proteins may take on partial roles relevant in different cell types or developmental stages or result in novel interactions and functions.Summary for the relationship between AS and GFS. Alternative Splicing by Participation … This work was funded by UK-China Scholarship for Excellence and University of Bath Research Studentship to L. Chen, a CONACyT Scholarship to J. M. Tovar-Corona, and a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship, Royal Society Research Grant, and a Royal Society Research Grant for Fellows to A. O. Urrutia.The authors declare no conflict of interests.Here we have reviewed evidence from genomewide studies as well as possible avenues for future comparatives studies for the potential of alternative splicing as a source of functional innovation during the evolution of the eukaryotic genome. Taken together above observations suggest that although alternative splicing-events are indeed conserved throughout evolution a significant proportion are not and some may result from noisy transcript splicing not contributing to the protein pool. Alternative splicing functions in brain… It's pre-translational processing. Through alternative splicing, we (and other eukaryotes) can sneakily encode more different proteins than we have genes in our DNA. The release of the human genome draft revealed a much smaller number of genes than anticipated. The blue boxes are constitutive exons and alternatively spliced regions in red. yes it can, but Eucharistic's mRNA undergo alternative processing. Interplay between splicing and epigenetic…Figure 3.. The mechanisms and outcomes of alternative splicing of individual transcripts are relatively well understood, and recent efforts have been directed towards studying splicing networks.